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Hague–Visby Rules & Maritime Liens

Chief Mate
Master
MEO Class 1

times asked: 39; times asked
questions: 12; questions
last asked: 2026; last asked

The slides, written out

AI-drawn illustration. Simplified to explain the idea, not to scale.

Slide 1 · HAGUE-VISBY

HAGUE-VISBY RULES CARRIER & SHIPPER RESPONSIBILITIES + MARITIME LIENS EXPLAINED CARRIER DUTIES SHIPPER OBLIGATIONS BILL OF LADING MARITIME LIENS

Slide 2 · CARRIER'S

CARRIER'S KEY OBLIGATIONS UNDER HAGUE-VISBY RULES (ARTICLE III) 1. DUE DILIGENCE BEFORE VOYAGE (ART. III, r. 1) Make the ship seaworthy Properly man the ship Equip and supply the ship Make cargo spaces fit for carriage 2. CARE OF CARGO (ART. III, r. 2) Load the goods properly Handle and stow properly Carry the goods carefully Keep and care for the goods Discharge the goods properly 3. ISSUE A BILL OF LADING ON DEMAND (ART. III, r. 3) After receiving the goods, issue a Bill of Lading showing: Leading marks Number of packages / pieces Quantity / weight Apparent order and condition of goods 4. BURDEN OF PROOF (ART. IV, r. 1) If loss or damage results from unseaworthiness, the carrier bears the burden of proving due diligence was exercised. CARRIER'S RESPONSIBILITY THROUGH THE VOYAGE BEFORE VOYAGE Due diligence & seaworthiness LOADING Proper loading & stowage VOYAGE Careful carriage & preservation DISCHARGE Safe & proper discharge

Slide 3 · SHIPPER'S

SHIPPER'S KEY OBLIGATIONS UNDER HAGUE-VISBY RULES (ARTICLE III & IV) 1. ACCURACY WARRANTY (ART. III, r. 5) 2. DANGEROUS GOODS (ART. IV, r. 6) 3. LIABILITY EXPOSURE (ART. IV, r. 3 & 6) The shipper guarantees the accuracy of the information provided at the time of shipment: If the shipper ships dangerous goods without the carrier's knowledge: The shipper is liable for all loss, damage or expense arising directly or indirectly from: Marks Number of packages / pieces Quantity Weight Carrier may Land Destroy Render innocuous Act, fault or neglect of the shipper, his agents or servants Shipment of dangerous goods without proper declaration Inaccurate marks, number, quantity or weight The shipper shall indemnify the carrier for any loss, damage or expense arising from inaccuracies. Carrier is not liable for any act done in good faith under this provision. SHIPPER RESPONSIBILITY WORKFLOW CARGO INFORMATION VERIFY ACCURACY DISCLOSE ANY HAZARDS SHIPMENT PROCEEDS THE SHIPPER'S DUTY IS TRANSPARENCY, ACCURACY AND DISCLOSURE. FAILURE CREATES LIABILITY.

Slide 4 · MARITIME LIEN VS

MARITIME LIEN VS. POSSESSORY LIEN UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE FEATURE | MARITIME LIEN | POSSESSORY LIEN Definition | A privileged claim against a ship, freight, or cargo that attaches to the res (thing itself) and travels with it. | A right to retain possession of goods (or a ship) until a debt due in respect of those goods is paid. Nature | Proprietary – a right in rem (against the thing). Does not depend on possession. | Possessory security right dependent upon continuous possession. Attachment | Attaches automatically upon the event giving rise to it. | Arises from work done or services rendered that improve the thing. Duration | Continues until the claim is satisfied or the lien is lost by laches. Follows the vessel even after sale to a bona fide purchaser. | Ends when possession is voluntarily surrendered (or the debt is paid). Enforcement | Enforced by an action in rem – arrest of the ship in a jurisdiction that recognises the lien. | Enforced by retention of the goods. Sale only if authorised by statute or contract. Examples | Salvage, collision damage, crew wages, master's wages and disbursements, bottomry bonds, damage to port works. | Ship repairer, salvor in possession, carrier retaining cargo for unpaid freight. Key Point | Follows the vessel like a shadow and survives private sale. Judicial sale extinguishes the lien, transferring it to sale proceeds. | Exists only as long as you retain possession. KEY DIFFERENCE MARITIME LIENS TRAVEL WITH THE VESSEL VS POSSESSORY LIENS DEPEND ON POSSESSION ENFORCEMENT IN PRACTICE MARITIME LIEN POSSESSORY LIEN ARREST Claim enforced through vessel arrest by admiralty court. Holder retains possession of the vessel until payment is made. IMPORTANT NOTE Priority among maritime liens varies depending on the jurisdiction and applicable admiralty law.

In exams

Asked 39 times across 12 different questions, most recently in 2026. Asked most in Chief Mate (34), Master (4), MEO Class 1 (1).

Drafted by SailR from our daily lessons. AI-drawn illustration. Simplified to explain the idea, not to scale. Last updated 19 Oct 2026.

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